Tuesday, April 14, 2009

Default sharing/to locate hidden files option and to disabled auto play option from the system:-

Default sharing/to locate hidden files option and to disabled auto play option from the system:- (screen shot not atteched..)
When ever file not opening after double click:-whenever we are unable to open files after clicking double click.

My computer---RUN---regedit---HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\Currentversion\Explorer\Mountpoint2



In it delete folder accept drive like as in this snap shot—A,C,D,E,F..because these are drive we can delete cpc
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To Open Hidden Files/Folder:-
For Default Sharing:- when ever we are unable to see default sharing of the system folders and files.if we are unable to see these sharing we should changes in registry with value 2 with 1 in auto work station .if there is a problem in default sharing it will be showed auto work server in the registry.
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Short cuts to open LAN/WAN –TCP-IP connection:-

Run---ncpa.cpl (Enter)

Web Server:-we can create multiple hosts

We can add multiple IP address on each system with add button.

After click on add button ip will be added in the TCP/IP box.

To create web server:----
Example:-
First create any html page (can make in notepad and save with .htm it)
And save it with any name (website.html)


After that we should installed IIS and FTP in the system.
Start----setting---Control Panel---add remove programs---add /remove windows components---internet information services(IIS)---insert windows cd—next---Finish.


Now IIS is installed in the system.

After installed IIS it will be showed in administrative tool
Start-program-administrative tool---internet information services

What is window 2000 professional?notes for windows server

What is window 2000 professional?...

Ans: - Microsoft window 2000 professional is a 32 –bit operating system that is optimized for use on desktop computers. Windows 2000 professional picks up where Windows NT workstation left off.
It contains not only the features and functionality of window NT workstation, but also the best features of windows 98
.

Window 2000 professional is typically not a good choice of operating system for a server in a business environment, because it supports only ten concurrent connections from other computers.

Hardware Requirements:-
A Pentium/133 MHz processor
32 MB of RAM (64 MB are recommended)
650 MB of free hard disk drive


Application support:-
Window 2000 professional supports most MS-DOS-based applications, most 16-bit and 32-bit windows-based applications. Its supports many windows 65/windows 98 applications that were not supported by Windows NT workstation 4.0. Windows 2000 professional does not support applications that require direct hardware access (bypassing the Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) because this could compromise windows 2000 professionals’ security. It also does not support software applications that require an MS-DOS terminate-and-stav-resident (TSR) program or a virtual device driver.

Multiprocessing, multithreading, and multitasking

Windows 2000 professional supports symmetric multiprocessing with up to two processors. Multiprocessing refers to the capability of an operating system to use more than one processor in a single computer simultaneously.
Symmetric multiprocessing is a type of multiprocessing in which system processes and applications can be run on any available processor. This is the most efficient form of multiprocessing currently available, because it does not tie a particular process or application to a specific, assigned processor.

Security:-

Window 2000 professional supports a high level of security. User logon and authentication are required in order to use the operating system and in order to access local or network resources.
Its support a local user account data base and can also support either a Windows NT server 4.0 domain user account data base or user accounts from the windows 2000 Active Directory.

Windows 2000 Server:

Microsoft windows 2000 server is a powerful 32-bit operating system that is optimized for network file, print, application, and Web servers. Windows 2000 server is the next generation of Windows NT server.
It contains all of the features and functionality of windows 2000 professional, plus several additional features that make it the operating system of choice for most business server applications.



Hardware Requirements:-

A Pentium/133 MHz processor
64 MB of RAM (128 MB are recommended)
950 MB of free hard disk drive(more disk space is required if the computer contains more than 64 MB of RAM)

File Management:

Its support two types file system:
(1) Distributed file system (DFS) and (2) Disk quotas.

(1) DFS: - the distributed file system (DFS) is a file systems that enables an administrator to make shares that are stored on various servers on the network appear to users as though they are stored within a single share on a single server. The use of DFS makes finding network resources easier for users, because users don’t have to know which server physically contains the shared resource they are trying to access.


(2) Disk Quotas:-Disk Quotas is a volume management tool that is enabled on a volume-by-volume basic. Once enabled, disk quotas automatically track disk space usage on a user-by-user basic, and prevent individual users from exceeding the disk space limitations that they have been assigned by administrators.
Disk quotas can also be used on windows2000 professional computers, but it seems unlikely to me that they will be widely used on desktop client computers.

Application support:

· Same software applications as windows 2000 professional.
· It’s optimized to support the Microsoft Back Office suite of products, including SQL server, systems Management server, internet information server, Exchange Server, and SNA Server, as well as many third-party server-based applications.
· Its support Terminal Services. This application service, when run on a network server, enables users of client computers to remotely perform processor-intensive or networks-intensive tasks from their client computers. The application run on the server running Terminal services, so the user can take advantage of the processing power and network connectivity of the server, while fully controlling the application from the client computer’s keyboard and monitor.
· Its support Multiprocessing, Multithreading, and Multitasking. But windows 2000 server accommodates up to four processors instead of only two. Also like windows 2000 professional.

Security:

All of security features of windows 2000 professional and its additional security features.
Its supports a local user account database.
Its support either a Windows NT server 4.0 domain user account database, or user accounts from the windows 2000 Active Directory.
Its can be configured as a domain controller, which contains a read/write copy of the Active Directory data store.

Networking:

Its supports routing of the IP, IPX, and Apple Talk protocol over both LAN and WAN interfaces.
Both of the Routing information protocol (RIP) version 2 and the Open shortest path first (OSPF) routing protocols are supported for IP routing.
Its support this operating system provides for asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network adapter cards. ATM technology makes possible the simultaneous transport of voice, data, video, and images over the network.



Workgroups, Domains, and Active Directory:

Workgroups:
A workgroup is a logical grouping of the networked computers in which one or more of the computers has one or more shared resources, such as a shared folder or a shared printer.




Domain:-

A Domain is a logical grouping of networked computers in which one or more of the computers has one or more shared resources, such as a shared folder or a shared printer, and in which all of the computers share a common central domain directory data base that contain user account security information.

One distinct advantage of using a domain, particularly on a large network, is that administration of user account security for the entire network can be managed from centralized location. In a domain, a user has only one user enables, the user to access shared resources (that the user has permission to access) located on any computer in the domain.



Active Directory:-
Active Directory is a directory service that stores information about various types of network objects, including printers, shared folder’s, user accounts, and computers. These objects are placed in a hierarchical structure that can be organized to simplify administration. With Active Directory, user can gain access to any network resource (that the user has permissions to) with a single logon.
Windows 2000 server computers that have a copy of the Active Directory data store, and that run Active Directory are called domain controllers, in a windows 2000 domain, a read/write copy of the Active Directory data store is physically located on each domain controller in the domain. A domain is a logical grouping of networked computers in which one or more of the computers has shared resources, such as a shared folder or printer and in which all of the computers share a common Active Directory data store.


Three primary propose of Active Directory are:
· To provide user logon and authentication services
· To enable administrators to organize and manage user accounts, groups, and network resources
· To enable authorized users to easily locate network resources, regardless of where they are located on the network.








Features of Active Directory:
It provides fully integrated security
It provides ease of administration by using group policies.
It makes resources easier to locate.
It is scalable to any size network.
It is flexible and extensible.


Fully Integrated Security:- its provide network security by managing the logon and authentications process, second ,Active Directory(and the security subsystem)provides security by controlling access to object (user accounts, shared folders, and printers)in the directory data store.

Ease of Administration: the logical, hierachical structure of Active Directory, in conjunction with group policies, makes for greater ease in administering a windows 2000 server network.
In file system we can assign a particular user administrative right to a folder and to all of that folder’s contents. We can delegate, to a particular user, administrative rights to a specific part of Active Directory, and to all of that part’s contents.

Ease of Locating Resources: Active Directory stands to reason that it should be easier for a user to locate a resource than if this information were distributed throughout numerous databases on the network. And it really is easier.
It also enables administrators and user alike to quickly locate an object any where on the network by searching for any known property of the object.

Scalability to any size network: The hierarchical structure of active directory lends itself to scalability. Because Active Directory can include multiple domains, it is scalable to any size network.

Flexibility and Extensibility: Active Directory can evolve as our business does. It is not a static structure that, once implemented, can never be changed.
This means that new classes of objects can be added, and new attributes can be added to classes of objects already present.

Objects and Classes:
An Active Directory object is a record in the directory that is defined by a distinct set of attributes. The attributes of an object are the same as the object’s properties.
The specific attributes that an object can have are defined by the object’s ab object when it is created. A class defines the required and optional attributes of the objects that are instances of that class.;
Ex.:- the computer class contains a list of the required and optional attributes that are used when a computer object is created. All computer objects will be created using the same computer class definition.
There are many classes of Active Directory objects.

Some of the Classes are:
Computer
Contact
Group
Organizational Unit
Domain
Printer
User
Shared Folder
Organizational Units:
Organizational units are types of Active Directory object, and are sometimes called container objects. They contain objects and other organizational units from their own domain. Organizational units are often called by their abbreviated name (OUs.
An Organizational unit is used to organize related objects and other organizational units in Active Directory in much the same way that a folder used to organize related files and other folders in a volume.
OU is the smallest container component of Active directory to which you can delegate administrative authority or assign group policy. The primary purpose of an organizational unit then is the organization of related objects and other organizational units to simplify administration.


Trees:
In active directory terminology, a domain tree is a hierarchical grouping of one or more domains that must have a single root domain, and many have one or more child domains.

Forests:
Forest is a group of one or more domain trees linked by transitive trusts that shares a common schema and global catalog.
A Forest begins with one domain and one domain tree. When we install Active Directory on the first domain controller on our network, windows 2000 creates a domain, a domain tree, and a forest all at the same time.


Command for installation Active Directory:-
DCPROMO
Start-Run-dcpromo-(after that press enter)

After that process of active directory will be start automatically.






FAT :-( File allocation table)

The file allocation table (FAT) file system used by windows2000 is a modified version of the FAT file system used by MS-DOS.(some times called FAT-16) is the only hard disk file system supported by windows 95 …..
If we want to configure a windows 2000 computer to dual boot between windows 2000 and windows 95 (version prior to OSR2), windows 3.1, or MS-DOS, our computers first partition on the first hard disk must use the FAT file system.

START-----SETTINGS----CONTROL PANEL…Then double click the systems application, and examine the General tab, which lists specific information about the system installed on our computer.

FAT file system does not support file and folder security in windows 2000.because file and folder security is not supported on a FAT volume, any user who is logged on locally to a computer has full control of all of the files and folders located in the FAT volume(s) on that computer. This applies only to local access.
The FAT file system preserves uppercase and lowercase in filenames, but filenames are not case sensitive.
The maximum size of a file in a FAT volume is 4GB.the FAT file system, as used by windows 2000, does not support file compression.


FAT32:-
The FAT32 file system used by windows2000 is the same as the FAT32 file system that was released with windows 95OSR2 and windows 98.
The FAT32 file system is only supported by windows2000, windows98, and windows95 OSR2.
If we want to dual boot between windows2000 and window98 (or windows95) we can use either the FAT32 or FAT file system on our computers first volume.
FAT32 file system does not support file and folder security in windows2000.because file and folder security is not support on a FAT32 volume,any user who is logged on locally to a computer has full control of all of the files and folders located in the FAT32 volume(s)on that computer.
Speed of Access to Files:-access speed to files in a FAT32 volume is dependent primarily on volume size and fragmentation.
Volume Size:-The maximum size of a file in a FAT32 volume is 32GB.


NTFS:-
The Windows NT file system (NTFS) is the most powerful file system supported by windows2000.only windows 2000 and Windows NT support NTFS –no other Microsoft operating systems currently support this file system.
Windows 2000 NTFS is a newer version than windows NT NTFS, and supports several; features not supported by windows NT NTFS.
Security:-NTFS provides file and folder security for both local and remote users on a network.NTFS is the only file system discussed here that permits the assigning of permissions to individual files and folders.
Speed of Access to files: - NTFS usually provides faster access than the FAT or FAT32 file systems to files stored on a large volume that contains many files.NTFS is able to access files in this situation faster than the FAT OR FAT32 file systems because NTFS uses an enhanced binary tree to locate files.
Volume Size: - the maximum theoretical size of an NTFS volume is 16 exabytes.

NTFS supports a compression attribute for each file.
NTFS is a highly reliable, recoverable file system. It is not necessary to periodically run chkdsk.exe on an NTFS volume.
NTFS maintains a recycle bin for each user.
NTFS enables us to mount a volume on a folder in a different volume.
NTFS supports the Encrypting file system (EFS).
NTFS supports disk quotas. Disk quotas are a volume management tool that is enabled on a volume-by-volume basis. Once enabled, disk quotas automatically track disk space usage on a user-by-user basis, and prevent individual users from exceeding the disk space limitations that they have been assigned by administrators.
With out rebottling the computer we can format any removable media with NTFS.
We can’t use NTFS to format floppy disks.


Anothers file system:-

CDFS:-the compact Disk file system
UDF:-Universal Disk Format
HPFS:-High Performance File System.


Command for converting file from FAT or FAT32 to NTFS:
On command prompt:-
C:\\ c/fs: ntfs

CONVERT.EXE

To convert a FAT or FAT32 volume into an NTFS volume, use the convert.exe command at a command prompt.

Example:- if we want to convert drive D: from FAT to NTFS, will take following command:----
D:\
CONVERT D: /FS: NTFS (ENTER)



Disk Management:

Windows 2000 includes a powerful tool to manage disks-it’s called Disk Management. Disk Management is a graphical tool that is a snap-in to the Microsoft Management Console (MMC).
The MMC is a windows 2000 feature that hosts administrative tools.
Usages of Disk Management: ---
· Create and format partitions.
· Upgrade a disk from basic to dynamic
· Revert from a dynamic disk to a basic disk.
· Create and format simple, spanned, striped, mirrored, and RAID-5 volumes.
· Delete simple,spanned,striped,mirrored,and RAID-5 volumes
· Troubleshoot disk configuration problems.
· Recover from single hard disk failures in mirrored and RAID-5 volumes.

Disk Management can be used in two-capacities:
Disk Management can be used at the local computer to manage the local computer.
Disk management can also be used at one computer to remotely manage disks on another computer.



What is Protocol:


SMTP

POP3


What is Layer?
Howz types layer: - 6 types













To Installation of DNS: ----on windows 2003 Server

Start—control panel---Add/Remove Program---networking services---click on DNS---next

Short cuts of Add/Remove Window:-

Start---RUN---appwiz.cpl (Enter)

Shortcuts window of Active Directory:-

Start---RUN---dsa.msc (Enter)

To create DNS shortcuts Window:-

Start---RUN---dnsmgmt.msc (Enter)


DNS:-

In DNS two types zone:-


(1)Reverse look up zone: - Name to IP address Resolving

(2)Forward look up zone: - IP address to Name Resolving


To create zone:-

1. Reverse look up zone:- primery---next---network id(range of IP in it 192.168.1..)—allow---next ----finish.
2. Forward Look up zone:- new zone---next---primery---main---(secondary—copy of primery DNS tab zone (no entry)---next---to all forest---IIHT.COM(domain name)---allow only secure update dynamic update---next---finish


Shortcuts to open Active Directory window:-

Start---RUN---dsa.msc (Enter)

If we want that any of client pc or system on starting should be ping of the ip address of the server to be checked of network connectivity. At first should be created batch file...

Create any text file..in it ip address of the server (192.168.1.20)..Save it as a.bat

is batch file(a.bat) ko active directory users and computer mai jis bhi user ki profile hai us pr right click karke..Uske logon script mai us batch file name KO copy karna hoga...After that close it.

Active directory users and computer. ---User name (amit) ---right click property of user----select profile option---in it Login Script---type the name of batch file—close it.


Additional Domain Controller:--

Check up point before it:-
Domain IP address should be ping
Server name should be ping
Should be TCP IP address

To create additional domain control:-its mean if main server down user can login with additional domain.its work as a secondary domain if main domain server (controller) is down. To remove any domain controller again same command----DCPROMO
If we create any user its added already in a user

Start----RUN----dcpromo (Enter)

Installation wizard will be start---name of the user----password(should be admin rights or administrator password)---domain name(main domain)----next----IIHT.COM(domain name)----next----data base folder/restore mode password if we want to give-----next----after that it will start to create additional domain controller server---(it will take some time)----Finish-----Restart system…

To see additional domain server in a network

Now open Active Directory users and computer-----click on Domain Controller----in it we can see all shared network domain controller (additional server)

If there is many additional domain controller and we are removing all of additional domains from network or particular systems there is a one option ---“this server is last domain controller if it’s not last uncheck the brackets. Other wise if it’s last then checked it.



Domain Security Policy: ---for different groups

Open active directory users & computer----right click on domain name---new OU (organization unit) ----name (any thing –Ex. Assets)







Child Domain:-Same Process for create threw DCPROMO command.

Start---RUN---DCPROMO




Group policy: ----

If we want to create any security related policy on any OU or user we should follow these steps:


Ex. - if we created one OU (Rajeev) and create 2 users in this OU (raj1 & raj2)..After that in this OU (Rajeev) we want to create another OU in this OU with name rajeev1.

Now we want to create security policy that in first OU (Rajeev & raj1 and raj 2 name users) user unable to shut down the pc and unable to access control panel .and we want to create another policy on second OU that he can access shut down button.

Active directory users and computers-----right click on domain name------create new OU (name with Rajeev)----create two new users in it------raj1 & raj2-----after that create second OU in the mail OU with same process---with name –rajeev2------after that right click on first OU (Rajeev) properties-----group policy-----any name whom we want to give(no shut, no control)---edit----enable that security which we want to create on that users or OU..